Classical app stacks are deterministic. You instrument code paths, emit metrics, capture logs, and (if needed) follow a trace to a root cause. AI systems are probabilistic and data‑coupled. The same input can produce different outputs. Quality depends on prompts, models, retrieval, tools, context length, and training data. Observability must therefore explain behavior and tie it to measurable outcomes, not just runtime health
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deterministic
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AI observability must explain behavior and tie to measurable outcomes